Block Header:

1. block verison：区块遵循的规则版本
2. previous block’s hash ：指的是前一个 block 的 block header 的 hash
3. merkle root ：整个区块中所有交易经过 Merkle Tree 哈希计算后得到的唯一、紧凑的摘要（一个哈希值）
4. timestamp：区块的大致创建时间
5. difficulty
6. nonce：用于挖矿过程中的随机数

Transaction Core Components:

1. transaction hash
2. signature
3. sender’s address
4. recipient’s address
5. amount being transferred

Hashed TimeLock Contract (HTLC):

• Hashlock: a function that restricts the spending of funds until a certain piece of data is publicly disclosed (as a cryptographic proof). Such proof may also be referred to as the pre-image of the hashlock. The pre-image is simply the piece of information that is used to generate the hashlock, and to later unlock its funds.
• Timelock: is a function that restricts the spending of funds until a specific time (or block height) in the future. It can be achieved in Bitcoin, for example, using functions like CheckLockTimeVerify or CheckSequenceVerify.

Schnorr Signatures：